2 Kings 18:12

Authorized King James Version

Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
עַ֣ל׀
H5921
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#2
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
H834
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#3
לֹֽא
H3808
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
שָֽׁמְע֖וּ
H8085
Because they obeyed
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#5
בְּקוֹל֙
H6963
not the voice
a voice or sound
#6
יְהוָ֑ה
H3068
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#7
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם
H430
their God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#8
וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֙
H5674
but transgressed
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#9
אֶת
H853
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#10
בְּרִית֔וֹ
H1285
his covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#11
אֵ֚ת
H853
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
כָּל
H3605
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#13
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
H834
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#14
צִוָּ֔ה
H6680
commanded
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
#15
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
H4872
and all that Moses
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
#16
עֶ֣בֶד
H5650
the servant
a servant
#17
יְהוָ֑ה
H3068
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#18
וְלֹ֥א
H3808
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#19
שָֽׁמְע֖וּ
H8085
Because they obeyed
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#20
וְלֹ֥א
H3808
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#21
עָשֽׂוּ׃
H6213
them nor do
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Analysis

This verse develops the covenant theme central to 2 Kings. The concept of covenant reflects the development of covenant within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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