2 Kings 18:12

Authorized King James Version

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Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.

Original Language Analysis

עַ֣ל׀ H5921
עַ֣ל׀
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 1 of 21
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 2 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 3 of 21
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
שָֽׁמְע֖וּ Because they obeyed H8085
שָֽׁמְע֖וּ Because they obeyed
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 4 of 21
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
בְּקוֹל֙ not the voice H6963
בְּקוֹל֙ not the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 5 of 21
a voice or sound
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 6 of 21
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם their God H430
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם their God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 7 of 21
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֙ but transgressed H5674
וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֙ but transgressed
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 8 of 21
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּרִית֔וֹ his covenant H1285
בְּרִית֔וֹ his covenant
Strong's: H1285
Word #: 10 of 21
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
אֵ֚ת H853
אֵ֚ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 12 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
צִוָּ֔ה commanded H6680
צִוָּ֔ה commanded
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 14 of 21
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
מֹשֶׁ֖ה and all that Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֖ה and all that Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 15 of 21
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
עֶ֣בֶד the servant H5650
עֶ֣בֶד the servant
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 16 of 21
a servant
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֑ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 17 of 21
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 18 of 21
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
שָֽׁמְע֖וּ Because they obeyed H8085
שָֽׁמְע֖וּ Because they obeyed
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 19 of 21
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 20 of 21
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
עָשֽׂוּ׃ them nor do H6213
עָשֽׂוּ׃ them nor do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 21 of 21
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Analysis & Commentary

Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 18: Faithful reformation faces external pressure. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart transformation.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 18 takes place during Hezekiah's reign in Judah, late 8th century BCE, around 715-686 BCE. The chapter's theme (Hezekiah's Reforms and Assyrian Threat) reflects the historical reality of genuine religious reform under Hezekiah, including trust in God that resulted in miraculous deliverance from Assyria. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

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